Aircraft Techinal

Define angle of attack:
1. The angle between the chord line and the horizontal
2. The angle between the chord line and the relative airflow
3. The angle between the chord line and the longitudinal axis
4. The angle between the chord line and the dihedral angle
Define angle of incidence:
1. The angle between the chord line and the horizontal
2. The angle between the chord line and the relative airflow
3. The angle between the chord line and the longitudinal axis
4. The angle between the chord line and the dihedral angle
How much of the total lift does the upper surface of the wing approximately produce?
1. One third of the total lift
2. Two thirds of the total lift
3. All of the lift
4. Less than one fifth of the total lift
How does camber on the upper surface of an aerofoil produce lift?
1. It causes a decrease in static pressure over the upper surface
2. It causes an increase in static pressure over the upper surface
3. It causes a decrease in dynamic pressure over the upper surface
The decrease in pressure over the upper surface of the wing is explained by the theorem of:
1. Newton
2. Fellini
3. Bernoulli
4. Wright
An increase in airspeed will result in a:
1. Decrease in form drag
2. Decrease in induced drag
3. Increase in induced drag
Increasing aspect ratio will:
1. Decrease form drag
2. Decrease induced drag
3. Increase induced drag
Aspect ratio is the ratio of:
1. Span:Chord
2. Weight:Span
3. Weight:Lift
4. Aircraft length:Aircraft width
An increase in air density will:
1. Increase lift
2. Decrease lift
3. Have no effect on lift
An increase in humidity will:
1. Increase density resulting in more lift
2. Decrease density resulting in more lift
3. Decrease density resulting in less lift
4. Have no increase on density, and hence no effect on lift
Roll is movement around the:
1. Lateral axis
2. Longitudinal axis
3. Vertical axis
Yaw is movement around the:
1. Lateral axis
2. Longitudinal axis
3. Vertical axis
If an aircraft is said to be longitudinally stable:
1. It is stable in roll
2. It is stable in pitch
3. It is stable in yaw
If an aircraft is said to be laterally stable:
1. It is stable in roll
2. It is stable in pitch
3. It is stable in yaw
Dihedral will increase:
1. Lateral stability
2. Longitudinal stability
3. Directional stability
A fin will increase:
1. Lateral stability
2. Longitudinal stability
3. Directional stability
The purpose of Reflex is to:
1. Hold the sail from sagging into the prop arc after landing
2. Aid lateral stability
3. Aid longitudinal stability
Washout on a flexwing microlight:
1. Aids longitudinal stability
2. Causes tip stalling
3. Aids lateral stability
Differential ailerons
1. Help reduce adverse yaw
2. Reduce tip stalling tendencies
3. Increase roll rate
4. Help increase lift
In a two-axis aircraft with rudder as the only turn control, roll is caused by:
1. Weight shift
2. Secondary effect of yaw
3. Ailerons
In a two-axis aircraft with rudder as the only turn control, dihedral will:
1. reduce the roll effect
2. increase the roll effect
3. provide increased longitudinal stability
Mass balancing will help:
1. To make the controls easier to move
2. To reduce flutter
3. To damp excessive control movements
Aerodynamic balancing will:
1. Help to make the controls easier to move
2. Reduce flutter
3. Damp excessive control movements
A servo tab will:
1. Increase control forces
2. Lighten control forces
3. Reduce flutter
A large deflection of flap will:
1. Increase lift only
2. Reduce lift
3. Increase lift and drag
4. Reduce drag
Billow shift will:
1. Dampen turbulence
2. Reduce roll control loads
3. Increase lateral stability
In a stall:
1. The engine stops
2. The wing loses all lift
3. The smooth flow of air over the top of the wing is disturbed
4. The engine carburettor stops providing fuel to the engine
Wet grass will:
1. Lengthen minimum landing distance
2. Reduce minimum landing distance
3. Have no effect on landing distance
Best rate of climb will occur:
1. When drag is at a minimum
2. At the speed for best lift/drag ratio
3. At the speed which gives the biggest difference between power available and power required
Speed for best angle of climb:
1. Is greater than that for best rate of climb
2. Is less than that for best rate of climb
3. Is the same as that for best rate of climb
Climb rate:
1. Will decrease with altitude
2. Will increase with altitude
3. Will not change with altitude
Wing loading in a 60 degree level turn:
1. is 1.5 times that for level flight
2. is 2 times that for level flight
3. is 3 times that for level flight
4. is equal to that for level flight
Stalling speed in a 60 degree level turn
1. Increases by 60%
2. Reduces by 40%
3. Increases by 40%
4. Reduces by 60%
Maximum distance in a still air glide will occur:
1. At the speed for best lift/drag ratio
2. At the speed for minimum drag
3. At the speed for best weight lift ratio
To recover from a spiral dive, you should:
1. Raise the nose then roll wings level and reduce power
2. Reduce power then roll wings level and raise the nose
3. Reduce power then raise the nose and roll wings level
VNE means
1. Stalling speed
2. Manoeuvring speed
3. Never exceed speed
4. Vertical speed
VS means
1. Stalling speed
2. Manoeuvring speed
3. Never exceed speed
VA means
1. Stalling speed
2. Manoeuvring speed
3. Never exceed speed
Taking off into the wind will:
1. Increase climb rate
2. Increase climb angle
3. Decrease stalling speed
Moving the centre of gravity rearwards will:
1. Make the aircraft nose heavy
2. Will decrease lateral stability
3. Will decrease longitudinal stability
4. Will decrease vertical stability
In a fixed wing microlight if a wing drops at a stall the best way to prevent yaw and thus a spin:
1. Is by using the rudder
2. Is by applying full power
3. Should not be attempted until the nose is lowered and the speed is rising
4. Is by fully pulling back on the stick
When flying at high speed:
1. The controls become heavy and less effective
2. The controls become more effective
3. The controls become lighter and less effective
Moving the hang point rearwards on a flexwing microlight will:
1. Reduce the trim speed and increase longitudinal stability
2. Reduce the trim speed and decrease longitudinal stability
3. Reduce the trim speed and decrease lateral stability
Washout will:
1. Help reduce tip stalling tendencies
2. Decrease stalling speed
3. Make the roll control
As angle of attack is increased the centre of pressure:
1. Reduces
2. Moves rearwards
3. Move forwards
A microlight has a maximum wing loading limit of:
1. 450kg / square metre
2. 15kg / square metre
3. 25kg / square metre
4. 390kg / square metre
The international standard atmosphere:
1. Details sea level conditions only
2. Details conditions at all altitudes
3. Details conditions at a pressure altitude of 1013.25 mb
In the international standard atmosphere mean sea level temperature and pressure and density are:
1. 15 deg C, 1023.5mb, 1225 g / cubic metre
2. 15 deg C, 1013.2mb, 1225 g / cubic metre
3. 20 deg C, 1013.2mb, 1225 g / cubic metre
4. 20 deg C, 1023.5mb, 1225 g / cubic metre
Environmental lapse rate in the international atmosphere is said to be:
1. 1.98 deg C per 1000 feet
2. 3 deg C per 1000 feet
3. 1.5 deg C per 1000 feet
4. 15 deg C per 1000 feet
Most propeller blades have a twist along their length. Why?
1. To reduce profile drag at the tips
2. To maintain optimum angle of attack along the blade length
3. To reduce structural loading
4. To make it look neat
If a propeller is fitted backwards
1. Thrust will be increased
2. Thrust will be reversed
3. Thrust will be reduced
A propeller would be rejected prior to flight for:
1. Not having any prop tape
2. Any cracks or splits
3. Small dents on the leading edge
4. Not being painted matt black
Water in the fuel system will tend to collect:
1. At the lowest point in the system
2. At the highest point in the system
3. Remain in suspension
4. Along the higher edges of the fuel tank
With a fuel system below the engine, a loose fuel line above the tank but before the pump may cause:
1. A fuel leak
2. A possibility of fire
3. An air leak
4. Excessive engine speed
Carburettor icing may occur:
1. Only in cold weather
2. Any time between -6 deg C and +20 deg C if sufficient moisture is present in the air
3. At any time if the temperature falls below 0 deg C
4. Only when humidity level is close to or at zero.
High humidity in the atmosphere will result in:
1. A decrease in thrust horsepower
2. An increase in thrust horsepower
3. No change in thrust horsepower
A leak of exhaust gases through a damaged exhaust on a two-stroke engine:
1. May cause lean running and overheating and possible seizure
2. May increase thrust but will invalidate the noise certificate
3. Will not affect the running of the engine but may be a fire hazard
Increasing the oil ratio in your two-stroke engine:
1. Will have a beneficial effect on cooling and lubrication, but will increase fuel consumption
2. May cause rough running and power loss and possible engine failure
3. May cause a fire in the exhaust
In the event of an engine fire in flight you should:
1. Turn off fuel and ignition immediately
2. Turn off the fuel, wait until the engine stops then turn off the ignition
3. Open the throttle fully then turn off fuel and ignition simultaneously
4. Pray to your favourite deity
A blocked fuel tank vent will cause:
1. Airlocks
2. Vapour lock
3. Restricted fuel flow
4. The altimeter to show a higher altitude due to the lower pressure
A high EGT reading will indicate:
1. A lean mixture
2. A slipping fan belt
3. High RPM
4. A rich mixture
Grey deposits on spark plug electrodes indicate:
1. A lean mixture
2. A rich mixture
3. Cold running
4. Engine overheating
If the ignition switch is disconnected:
1. The engine ignition system will be live
2. The engine will not start
3. The engine will not turn
The best fire extinguisher for use on a petrol fire is:
1. CO2
2. Water
3. Foam
4. Oxygen
If leaving an aircraft outside overnight, fuel tanks should:
1. Still be there in the morning
2. Be left full to minimise condensation
3. Be left empty to minimise fire risk
An ASI measures:
1. Static pressure
2. Dynamic pressure
3. Speed across the ground
4. Relative humidity
An altimeter measures:
1. Static pressure
2. Pitot pressure
3. Dynamic pressure
4. Tyre pressure
A microlight aeroplane may not exceed:
1. 390kg empty weight
2. 390kg max all up weight
3. 450kg max all up weight
4. 845kg max all up weight
A microlight aeroplane may not exceed fuel capacity of:
1. 25 litres
2. 50 gallons
3. 50 litres
4. 50 pints
A microlight aircraft may not:
1. Have more than 2 seats
2. Fly below 500 feet
3. Be flown by someone without a pilot's license
4. Fly faster than 100 knots
A microlight aircraft may not:
1. Exceed a wing loading of 25kg per square metre
2. Fly in controlled airspace
3. Have a stall speed in excess of 42mph
4. Fly faster than 100 knots
A microlight aircraft must:
1. Not intentionally stall
2. Exceed 60 degrees of bank
3. Be flown with a safe reserve of fuel
Wing fabric will degrade when exposed to:
1. Infra-red rays
2. Ultra violet rays
3. High humidity
The purpose of slats on an aircraft's wing is:
1. To increase aileron efficiency
2. To reduce stalling speed
3. To control rate of descent
Fowler flaps when lowered:
1. Increase wing area
2. Cause a yawing motion
3. Decrease drag
4. Cause a violent pitching motion which must be dampened to avoid oscillation
Frise ailerons:
1. Reduce stalling speed
2. Increase control pressures
3. Reduce adverse yaw
Spoilerons:
1. Replace elevators
2. Control rate of descent
3. May be used in place of ailerons
Spoilerons:
1. Create adverse yaw
2. Do not create adverse yaw
3. Cause a nose down pitching movement
In order to pitch nose up which way must a canard elevator move?
1. Up
2. Down
3. Is not used, elevons on the rear wing are always used instead
A canard aircraft:
1. Is more prone to stalling than a conventional aircraft
2. Can be made more stall resistant than a conventional aircraft
3. Is inherently more efficient than a conventional aircraft
A pitch attitude change may occur after a power change, this is due to:
1. The thrust line not being aligned with the line of drag
2. Torque effect
3. Propeller slipstream effect
Fixed wing aircraft may yaw with an application of power. This is due to:
1. The thrust line not being aligned with the line of drag
2. Torque effect
3. Propeller slipstream effect
In steady level flight:
1. Lift = drag
2. Thrust is greater than drag
3. Lift = weight
4. Weight = drag
In a steady climb the vertical component of:
1. Wing lift is greater than weight
2. Wing lift is less than weight
3. Wing lift is equal to weight
In a steady glide:
1. Drag is greater than weight
2. Weight slows the aircraft down
3. A component of weight gives thrust
If flying in severe turbulence structural loads may be reduced by:
1. Reducing airspeed
2. Adding power
3. Increasing airspeed
When approaching to land on a day with a suspected pronounced wind gradient:
1. Approach speed should be decreased and power added
2. Land down wind to reverse its effect
3. Approach speed should be increased
When taking off into wind, the effect of a wind gradient will be to:
1. Reduce climb rate initially
2. To increase climb rate or airspeed initially
3. To increase turbulence with altitude
When landing after another aircraft with possible wake turbulence hazard you should:
1. Note the touchdown point of the other aircraft and land beyond it
2. Note the touchdown point of the other aircraft and land before it
3. Maintain a tight grip on the controls
4. Note the touchdown point of the other aircraft and land exactly on that point
When landing after another aircraft departing with possible wake turbulence hazard you should:
1. Note the rotation point of the other aircraft and land well beyond it
2. Note the rotation point of the other aircraft and land well before it
3. Let go of the controls and transmit a mayday
Microlight aircraft:
1. Do not produce wake turbulence
2. Produce very small amounts of wake turbulence
3. Produce significant wake turbulence
4. Are not affected by wake turbulence generated by other aircraft
In relation to IAS, TAS will with an increase in altitude:
1. Decrease
2. Remain constant
3. Increase
In relation to IAS, TAS will with an increase in temperature:
1. Decrease
2. Increase
3. Remain constant
With an increase in altitude, an aircraft fitted with a mixture control should to insure optimum efficiency:
1. Increase power
2. Richen the mixture
3. Lean off the mixture
A sparking plug delivers its spark:
1. Just before bottom dead centre
2. Just after top dead centre
3. Just before top dead centre
A fuel gauge
1. Can always be trusted
2. Should be checked before flight by visually checking fuel level
3. May explode without warning
In a climbing turn:
1. Climb rate is greater than in straight flight
2. There is an overbank tendency
3. The aircraft will trim slower hands off than for straight flight
In a climbing turn:
1. Climb rate is increased compared with straight flight
2. Climb rate is reduced compared with straight flight
3. There is an under bank tendency
In a descending turn:
1. Descent rate is greater than for a straight descent
2. There is an overbank tendency
3. Vne can easily be exceeded
Dutch roll is:
1. What happens when you drink and fly wearing clogs
2. An advanced aerobatic manoeuvre not suitable for microlights
3. A coupled roll / yaw oscillatory instability
4. Only legal in Amsterdam

Aircraft Technical